怎么查询网站后台地址,旅游网站建设意义,英文建站平台有哪些,WordPress网站远程访问一、nfs服务
NFS#xff08;Network File System#xff09; 是一种用于在网络中共享文件的协议#xff0c;允许不同操作系统#xff08;如 Linux、Unix、MacOS 等#xff09;之间进行文件共享。
NFS 的工作原理基于客户端-服务器模型#xff0c;服务器提供共享文件系统…一、nfs服务
NFSNetwork File System 是一种用于在网络中共享文件的协议允许不同操作系统如 Linux、Unix、MacOS 等之间进行文件共享。
NFS 的工作原理基于客户端-服务器模型服务器提供共享文件系统客户端通过挂载这些文件系统来访问共享的文件。
二、安装配置nfs
1、准备两台虚拟机。
本文使用centos7和 fedora 27系统版本
server192.168.18.134
client192.168.18.130
确保两台机器都安装了nfs服务
# rpm命令查看是否安装没有安装直接yum安装
# 服务端
[server root ~] # ip a|grep ens33
2: ens33: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000inet 192.168.18.134/24 brd 192.168.18.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
[server root ~] # rpm -qa|grep nfs-utils
[server root ~] # yum -y install nfs-utils# 客户端
[nfsclient root ~] # ip a|grep ens33
2: ens33: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000inet 192.168.18.130/24 brd 192.168.18.255 scope global ens33
[nfsclient root ~] # rpm -qa|grep nfs-utils
nfs-utils-2.1.1-6.rc5.fc27.x86_642、准备一个专门用作nfs的磁盘分区格式化挂载server端
# 这里使用sdb6作为nfs挂载点
[server root ~] # lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 35.5G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb5 8:21 0 5G 0 part
└─sdb6 8:22 0 6G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom
[server root ~] # df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 900M 0 900M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 9.6M 901M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 xfs 36G 3.7G 32G 11% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 509M 138M 371M 28% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0# 格式化分区
[server root ~] # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb6
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label
OS type: Linux
Block size4096 (log2)
Fragment size4096 (log2)
Stride0 blocks, Stripe width0 blocks
393216 inodes, 1572864 blocks
78643 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block0
Maximum filesystem blocks1610612736
48 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done eating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
创建目录挂载
[server root ~] # mkdir /nfs-share
[server root ~] # mount /dev/sdb6 /nfs-share/
[server root ~] # df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 900M 0 900M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 9.6M 901M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 xfs 36G 3.7G 32G 11% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 509M 138M 371M 28% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb6 ext4 5.8G 24M 5.5G 1% /nfs-share编写exports配置文件直接写192.168.18.0/24整个网段
[server root ~] # cat /etc/exports
/nfs-share 192.168.18.0/24(rw) 重启nfs服务关闭防火墙selinux设置为disabled
[server root ~] # systemctl status nfs-server
● nfs-server.service - NFS server and servicesLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (exited) since Wed 2024-11-27 16:51:15 CST; 8s agoProcess: 7636 ExecStartPost/bin/sh -c if systemctl -q is-active gssproxy; then systemctl reload gssproxy ; fi (codeexited, status0/SUCCESS)Process: 7619 ExecStart/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd $RPCNFSDARGS (codeexited, status0/SUCCESS)Process: 7618 ExecStartPre/usr/sbin/exportfs -r (codeexited, status0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 7619 (codeexited, status0/SUCCESS)CGroup: /system.slice/nfs-server.serviceNov 27 16:51:15 server systemd[1]: Starting NFS server and services...
Nov 27 16:51:15 server systemd[1]: Started NFS server and services.
[server root ~] # systemctl stop firewalld
[server root ~] # setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled或者防火墙开启nfs访问重新启动nfs服务 server root ~] # firewall-cmd --zonepublic --add-servicenfs --permanent success [server root ~] # firewall-cmd --reload success [server root ~] # systemctl restart nfs-server [server root ~] # nfs服务已正常挂载挂载目录为/nfs-share
[server root ~] # cat /etc/exports
/nfs-share 192.168.18.0/24(rw)
[server root ~] # exportfs
/nfs-share 192.168.18.0/24
[server root ~] # df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 900M 0 900M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 9.6M 901M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 xfs 36G 3.7G 32G 11% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 509M 138M 371M 28% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb6 ext4 5.8G 24M 5.5G 1% /nfs-share 3、客户端访问
首先先创建目录然后挂载服务端IP目录
[nfsclient root ~] # df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.0G 4.6M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root xfs 15G 5.2G 9.9G 35% /
tmpfs tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 40G 182M 37G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 ext4 976M 117M 793M 13% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0[nfsclient root ~] # mkdir /nfs-mountpoint
[nfsclient root ~] # mount -t nfs 192.168.18.134:/nfs-share /nfs-mountpoint
[nfsclient root ~] # df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.1G 4.9M 2.1G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root xfs 17G 5.6G 11G 35% /
tmpfs tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 43G 191M 40G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 ext4 1.1G 123M 831M 13% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 413M 0 413M 0% /run/user/0
192.168.18.134:/nfs-share nfs4 6.3G 26M 5.9G 1% /nfs-mountpoint4、测试创建文件或者目录是否正常访问
# server端正常创建文件
[server root /nfs-share] # ls
lostfound
[server root /nfs-share] # touch test# 客户端创建失败了
[nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # ll
total 16
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Nov 27 16:31 lostfound
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 28 08:48 test
[nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # touch test2
touch: cannot touch test2: Permission denied因为服务端设置的other权限是rx权限没有写的权限所有需要加w权限
[server root /nfs-share] # cat /etc/exports
/nfs-share 192.168.18.0/24(rw)
[server root /nfs-share] # ls -ld /nfs-share/
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 28 08:48 /nfs-share/
[server root /nfs-share] # ls -ld /nfs-share/
drwxr-xrwx 3 root root 4096 Nov 28 08:48 /nfs-share/# 客户端重新创建文件
[nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # touch test2
[nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # ls
lostfound test test2
[nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # ls -ld /nfs-mountpoint/
drwxr-xrwx 3 root root 4096 Nov 28 08:50 /nfs-mountpoint/
[nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # mkdir KFC
[nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # ls -l
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 09:45 KFC
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Nov 27 16:31 lostfound
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 28 08:48 test
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody nobody 0 Nov 28 08:50 test25、配置永久挂载
客户端配置/etc/fstab重启reboot
[nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # vim /etc/fstab #
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Dec 21 10:49:11 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under /dev/disk
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/fedora-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID8d0e84a0-5871-47cb-80b1-ccdc548d1443 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/fedora-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/nvme0n1p1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
192.168.18.134:/nfs-share /nfs-mountpoint nfs defaults 0 0
~
~ [nfsclient root /nfs-mountpoint] # reboot
Connection closing...Socket close.Connection closed by foreign host.Disconnected from remote host(fedora) at 08:52:25.......
Connecting to 192.168.18.130:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press CtrlAlt].WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request.
Last login: Wed Nov 27 16:15:42 2024 from 192.168.18.1
[nfsclient root ~] # df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.0G 4.6M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root xfs 15G 5.2G 9.9G 35% /
tmpfs tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 40G 182M 37G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 ext4 976M 117M 793M 13% /boot
192.168.18.134:/nfs-share nfs4 5.8G 24M 5.5G 1% /nfs-mountpoint
