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一、责任链模式定义

类型： 行为型模式
每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依此类推。
目的： 职责链上的处理者负责处理请求，客户只需要将请求发送到职责链上即可，无须关心请求的处理细节和请求的传递，所以职责链将请求的发送者和请求的处理者解耦了。

个人理解：上面菜鸟教程说职责链将发送者和请求的处理者解耦，但个人觉得职责链更多的是将多个责任解耦，使用时将所需要的责任组织成责任链。

二、例子

2.1 菜鸟教程

菜鸟教程是以一个日志类为例子。

2.1.1 定义一个抽象日志类

public abstract class AbstractLogger {public static int INFO = 1;public static int DEBUG = 2;public static int ERROR = 3;protected int level;//责任链中的下一个元素protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger){this.nextLogger = nextLogger;}public void logMessage(int level, String message){if(this.level <= level){write(message);}if(nextLogger !=null){nextLogger.logMessage(level, message);}}abstract protected void write(String message);}

2.1.2 定义日志类的具体实现类ConsoleLogger 、ErrorLogger 、FileLogger

public class ConsoleLogger extends AbstractLogger {public ConsoleLogger(int level){this.level = level;}@Overrideprotected void write(String message) {    System.out.println("Standard Console::Logger: " + message);}
}

public class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger {public ErrorLogger(int level){this.level = level;}@Overrideprotected void write(String message) {    System.out.println("Error Console::Logger: " + message);}
}

public class FileLogger extends AbstractLogger {public FileLogger(int level){this.level = level;}@Overrideprotected void write(String message) {    System.out.println("File::Logger: " + message);}
}

2.1.3 将日志类串起来，并使用

public class ChainPatternDemo {private static AbstractLogger getChainOfLoggers(){AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR);AbstractLogger fileLogger = new FileLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG);AbstractLogger consoleLogger = new ConsoleLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO);errorLogger.setNextLogger(fileLogger);fileLogger.setNextLogger(consoleLogger);return errorLogger;  }public static void main(String[] args) {AbstractLogger loggerChain = getChainOfLoggers();loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO, "This is an information.");loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG, "This is a debug level information.");loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR, "This is an error information.");}
}

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2.2 JDK源码——Filter

public interface Filter {default void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}void doFilter(ServletRequest var1, ServletResponse var2, FilterChain var3) throws IOException, ServletException;default void destroy() {}
}

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2.3 Spring源码——HandlerInterceptor

public interface HandlerInterceptor {default boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {return true;}default void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {}default void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception {}
}

public class HandlerExecutionChain {@Nullableprivate HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors;boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);return false;}this.interceptorIndex = i;}}return true;}void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable ModelAndView mv) throws Exception {HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);}}}void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Exception ex)throws Exception {HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {for (int i = this.interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];try {interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, this.handler, ex);}catch (Throwable ex2) {logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);}}}}
}

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三、其他设计模式

创建型模式
结构型模式

• 1、设计模式——装饰器模式（Decorator Pattern）+ Spring相关源码

行为型模式

• 1、设计模式——访问者模式（Visitor Pattern）+ Spring相关源码
• 2、设计模式——中介者模式（Mediator Pattern）+ JDK相关源码
• 3、设计模式——策略模式（Strategy Pattern）+ Spring相关源码
• 4、设计模式——状态模式（State Pattern）
• 5、设计模式——观察者模式（Observer Pattern）+ Spring相关源码
• 6、设计模式——备忘录模式（Memento Pattern）
• 7、设计模式——模板方法模式（Template Pattern）+ Spring相关源码
• 8、设计模式——迭代器模式（Iterator Pattern）+ Spring相关源码